Cycle Beating -- An Analysis of the Boundaries During Vehicle Testing
Todays vehicle industry is strictly controlled by environmental
legislations. The vehicle industry is spending much money on reducing the
fuel consumption and fulfilling the emission requirements to make sales
possible in different regions in the world. Before introducing a vehicle on
the market, it is tested according to standardized driving cycles to specify
the vehicle pollutant emissions and fuel consumption. These cycles allow
some deviation from the reference vehicle speed during tests, e.g. NEDC
allows deviations of ±2 km/h and ±1 s. This paper uses dynamic programming
to find fuel optimal velocity profiles, given the allowed deviations of ±2
km/h and ±1 s from reference speed during drive cycle test. By taking
advantage of the allowed deviation, the fuel consumption can be reduced by
up to 16.56 % according to model results, running NEDC if gear selections
are unrestricted (i.e. using automatic gearbox), and up to 5.90 % if
changing gears according to the specifications in the drive cycle. Two
different optimization goals are investigated, minimum amount of mass fuel
consumed and best mileage.
Kristoffer Ekberg and Lars Eriksson
2016
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