Smart Integration of Photovoltaics, Vehicle Charging, and Battery Storage in a Household
The installed power of photovoltaics (PV) increases rapidly, as well
as electric vehicles (EV). Most of the EV charging will occur at
home, and there is a possibility to shift the charging in time to
minimize the electricity cost. The reasons are for example to
maximize the self-consumption of the produced electricity, and to
charge the EV when the electricity price is at the lowest rate,
since the electricity price is set by hourly rates one day in
advance in northern Europe. To maximize the self-consumption of the
generated PV power, battery storage systems (BSS) are common in
Germany, but not as common in Sweden. Simulations and optimizations
show that installation of PV systems significantly cuts the
electricity costs for the households. Optimizing the time when to
charge the EV decreases the yearly electricity cost by about 5\% in
Sweden, which is a good contribution since the investment of such
system is small. Installing a BSS saves only about 3\%, and is
therefore not profitable due to the high investment. In Germany the
difference between selling and buying electricity is significant,
and therefore the electricity bill savings are about 1500SEK/year
(6\%) by installing a 5kWh BSS. Considering the investment cost,
this is not yet profitable, but only a relatively small change in
the market conditions will make the BSS profitable in Germany.
Christofer Sundström, Maximilian Kronawitter and Lorenz Viernstein
2018
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