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Abstract |
Management of Kinetic and Electric Energy in Heavy Trucks
Hybridization and velocity management are two important techniques
for energy efficiency that mainly have been treated separately. Here
they are put in a common framework that from the hybridization
perspective can be seen as an extension of the equivalence factor idea
in the well known strategy ECMS. From the perspective of look-ahead
control, the extension is that energy can be stored not only in
kinetic energy, but also electrically. The key idea is to introduce
more equivalence factors in a way that enables efficient computations,
but also so that the equivalence factors have a physical
interpretation. The latter fact makes it easy to formulate a good
residual cost to be used at the end of the look-ahead horizon. The
formulation has different possible uses, but it is here applied on an
evaluation of the size of the electrical system. Previous such
studies, for e.g. ECMS, have typically used a driving cycle, i.e. a
fix velocity profile, but here the extra freedom to choose an optimal
driving pattern is added.
Erik Hellström, Jan Åslund and Lars Nielsen
SAE Technical Paper Series, 2010
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